Optimal. Leaf size=380 \[ -\frac {2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) x^{3/2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{15 c^{3/2} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b+3 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{15 c}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{a} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{15 c^{7/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (2 b^2+\sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c}-6 a c\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{30 c^{7/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.19, antiderivative size = 380, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 24, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.208, Rules used = {1933, 1967,
1211, 1117, 1209} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c}-6 a c+2 b^2\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{30 c^{7/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{a} \sqrt {x} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{15 c^{7/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}-\frac {2 x^{3/2} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{15 c^{3/2} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b+3 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{15 c} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 1117
Rule 1209
Rule 1211
Rule 1933
Rule 1967
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int x^{3/2} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5} \, dx &=\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b+3 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{15 c}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {x} \left (-a b-2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) x^2\right )}{\sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}} \, dx}{15 c}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b+3 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{15 c}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}\right ) \int \frac {-a b-2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) x^2}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{15 c \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}\\ &=\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b+3 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{15 c}+\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {a} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}\right ) \int \frac {1-\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{15 c^{3/2} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {a} \left (-\sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c}-2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right )\right ) \sqrt {x} \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{15 c^{3/2} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}\\ &=-\frac {2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) x^{3/2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}{15 c^{3/2} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}+\frac {\sqrt {x} \left (b+3 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}{15 c}+\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{a} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{15 c^{7/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{a} \left (2 b^2+\sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c}-6 a c\right ) \sqrt {x} \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{30 c^{7/4} \sqrt {a x+b x^3+c x^5}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 7.32, size = 486, normalized size = 1.28 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {x} \left (2 c \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x \left (b+3 c x^2\right ) \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )-i \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \left (-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 b-2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )+i \left (-b^3+4 a b c+b^2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-3 a c \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 b-2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )\right )}{30 c^2 \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {x \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(1041\) vs.
\(2(364)=728\).
time = 0.07, size = 1042, normalized size = 2.74
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x^{\frac {3}{2}} \left (3 c \,x^{2}+b \right ) \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}{15 c \sqrt {x \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}}-\frac {\left (\frac {\left (6 a c -2 b^{2}\right ) a \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )-\EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}+\frac {a b \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right ) \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \sqrt {x}}{15 c \sqrt {x \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}}\) | \(455\) |
default | \(-\frac {\sqrt {x \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right )}\, \left (-6 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, b \,c^{2} x^{7}-6 \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, c^{2} x^{7}-8 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, b^{2} c \,x^{5}-8 \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, b c \,x^{5}-6 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, a b c \,x^{3}-6 \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, a c \,x^{3}-2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, b^{3} x^{3}-2 \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, b^{2} x^{3}+12 \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-b \,x^{2}-2 a \right )}{a}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+b \,x^{2}+2 a}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {b \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-2 a c +b^{2}}{a c}}}{2}\right ) a^{2} c -3 b^{2} a \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-b \,x^{2}-2 a \right )}{a}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+b \,x^{2}+2 a}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {b \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-2 a c +b^{2}}{a c}}}{2}\right )+b a \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-b \,x^{2}-2 a \right )}{a}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+b \,x^{2}+2 a}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {b \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-2 a c +b^{2}}{a c}}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-12 \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-b \,x^{2}-2 a \right )}{a}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+b \,x^{2}+2 a}{a}}\, \EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {b \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-2 a c +b^{2}}{a c}}}{2}\right ) a^{2} c +4 \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-b \,x^{2}-2 a \right )}{a}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+b \,x^{2}+2 a}{a}}\, \EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {b \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-2 a c +b^{2}}{a c}}}{2}\right ) a \,b^{2}-2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, a \,b^{2} x -2 \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, a b x \right )}{30 \sqrt {x}\, \left (c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a \right ) c \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}\) | \(1042\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int x^{\frac {3}{2}} \sqrt {x \left (a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}\right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int x^{3/2}\,\sqrt {c\,x^5+b\,x^3+a\,x} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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